Epidemiological situation of tuberculosis in the Republic of Kazakhstan

Abstract

We have presented the results of an assessment of an epidemiological situation of tuberculosis and identification of the main reasons for development of epidemic process in the territory of Kazakhstan. Retrospective population study of all cases of tuberculosis in the Republic of Kazakhstan during 1991-2013 has been conducted. It has been established that the epidemiological situation of tuberculosis in the republic remains tense. The quantity of hard to cure forms of tuberculosis with multi-drug resistance is growing, the percentage of violation of regimen of treatment in the supporting phase remains high. Long-term dynamics from 1991 to 2013 notes decrease in both morbidity and mortality rates. The reasons of incidence are bound to a large reservoir of tuberculosis infection, which supports the high level of contamination, development of destructive forms of pulmonary tuberculosis, high specific gravity of eliminators of bacilli and patients with forms of tuberculosis resistant to the main chemotherapeutic agents, low sanitary literacy of the population concerning tuberculosis. High contamination of children's and teenage population has been revealed.